Introduction:

Thyroid abscesses represent less than 1% of thyroid disease. Thyroid abscess after fine needle aspiration biopsy is a rare occurrence with few cases reported in the literature.

Objective:

To present a clinical case of a patient with thyroid abscess after having undergone fine-needle aspiration biopsy, successfully treated with puncture aspiration.

Clinical case:

42-year-old female patient, white skin, with a history of bronchial asthma and adenomatous goiter, who fifteen days after having undergone fine-needle aspiration biopsy presented an increase in volume on the anterior face of the neck, painful, with reddening of the skin at that level, asthenia, odynophagia, fever, chills and dyspnea. An ultrasound was performed and a thyroid abscess was diagnosed, which was treated with antibiotic and puncture aspiration. The patient evolved satisfactorily.

Conclusions:

Maintaining a high level of clinical suspicion for thyroid abscess in patients presenting with enlargement and neck pain after fine-needle cytology, even in the absence of significant risk factors, is important to facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment. Conservative treatment with antibiotic and puncture aspiration of the abscess in this patient was satisfactory.

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