Abstract

CORTES FRANCO, Jarendy et al. Update on Lyme disease. Rev Salud Anim. [online]. 2021, vol.43, n.2  Epub Aug 14, 2021. ISSN 2224-4700.

With the aim of performing a bibliographic update on Lyme disease, the information sources Academic Search Complete (EBSCO), Scopus and Web of Science were consulted from 2000 to 2021. The following descriptors "Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ixodes ricinus and tick bites" were used as a search strategy. The information obtained showed that the first cases of the disease have been known in Mexico since 1991.Currently within the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) complex, 19 genome-species are recognized: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (Bbs), B. garinii, B. afzelii, B. valaisiana, B. lusitaniae, B. spielmani, B. bissettii, B. bavariensis, B. japonica, B. andersonii, B. tanuki, B. turdi, B. sinica, B. californiensis, B. yangtze, B. carolinensis, B. americana, B. kurtenbachii, and B. finlandensis. The first eight are considered pathogenic to humans. In North America, B. burgdorferi is mainly transmitted by I. scapularis and I. pacificus, while I. ricinus and I. persulcatus are recognized as vectors in Europe and Asia. Several species of the genus (I. affinis, I. pararicinus, I. ricinus, and I. boliviensis), as well as the genus Amblyomma have been described as vectors in Peru. Reservoirs of the disease include mice Peromyscus leucopus and Apodemus leucopus, as well as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Three stages of the disease are recognized: early localized, early disseminated and late. Diagnosis depends on test results and the presence of clinical manifestations; in addition, ELISA and real-time PCR techniques are effective in diagnosis. The antibiotics amoxicillin, doxycycline and ceftriaxone are effective in the treatment. In late 2020, a vaccine in trial phase was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for testing in humans. Phase 1 clinical trial began in late February 2021 in the state of Nebraska using 66 individuals. .

Keywords : Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes ricinus; tick bites.

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