Introduction:

The Brazilian Unified Health System, after 25 years of creation, is facing the challenge of assessment by means of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care.

Objective:

To analyze the repercussions of assessment in the working process of the evaluated family health teams.

Methods:

Qualitative research, as a case study, carried out in a health region of the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil, made up by 18 municipalities, in the period from August 2016 to January 2017. Ten professional from family health team members participated, one from each municipality. The interviews were semi-structured and followed Bardin's thematic content analysis.

Results:

The program was presented as an essential tool for identifying gaps, inducing critical reflections, and organizing the work process. The challenges that came up we the difficulty for implementing Integrative and Complementary Practices and the rotation of professionals. Some weaknesses were noted: the strong relationship between the tool and the transfer of financial resources, and the possibility of masking the actions in the teams at the face of the evaluator in the health service.

Conclusions:

The National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care was presented as capable of inducing modifications related to the setting and to hard and soft-to-hard technologies. The strengthening of live work and light technologies in team work was identified.

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