Introduction:

Gestational diabetes mellitus presents a series of complications for both the pregnant woman and her child, which can increase morbidity in pregnant women or the offspring.

Objective:

To determine the risk factors associated with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out with patients with the aforementioned diagnosis, belonging to the community of Pedro Borras Astorga University Polyclinic, Pinar del Rio Cuba, during the years 2014 to 2018. From a universe of 1623 pregnant women attended in the studied period, a sample of 59 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus was taken. Descriptive statistics was used. The results were shown in tables and graphs.

Results:

The incidence of the disease was 3.6%, ages were between 26 and 30 years, and there were no adolescents diagnosed in the period studied. Previous history included abortions and nulliparity. Transpelvic delivery prevailed, while the short-term complications of the child were macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia and shoulder dystocia. There was no perinatal death caused by the studied condition.

Conclusions:

Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with some risk factors, which may lead to complications for the mother and the in the perinatal period.

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