Abstract

HERNANDEZ PEREZ, Arianna et al. Risk factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Rev Cubana Oftalmol [online]. 2011, vol.24, n.1, pp. 86-99. ISSN 0864-2176.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors favoring the appearance of the diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: A case-control, analytical and observational study was conducted in 153 diabetic patients seen in the Diabetes Care Center from July to December, 2008. Variables included: age, sex, skin color, alcohol consumption, smoking, type of diabetes mellitus, treatment and evolution type of diabetic retinopathy, associated systemic and ocular factors. Odds Ratio was applied to assess the influence of risk factors on probability of appearance of the complication. RESULTS: There was predominance of type 2 diabetes (72.5 % in study group and 79.4% in control group), moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (31.4 %), women (70.6 %) in study group and 61.8 % in control group, over 40 years old and white skin. High blood pressure (OR = 2.83, p = 0.003) was present in the 52.9 and 28.4 %, respectively. In the study group, the 43.1 % were smokers (OR = 2.76, p= 0.005) and the 72.5 % had more than 15 years of evolution of diabetes (OR= 17.91, p= 0.000) whereas the 62,8 % of control group had 5 and 15 years to be diabetic. The retinal occlusion background (OR - 4.92, p= 0.001), cataract's surgery ( OR= 2.85, p= 0.012), chorioretinal scar (OR= 0.12, p = 0.015) and open angle primary glaucoma (OR= 0.18, p= 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The associated risk factors were: evolution of the diabetes mellitus bigger than 15 years, arterial hypertension, smoking habit, antecedents of cataracts surgery and vein occlusions. Primary open angle glaucoma and corioretinal scars seem to be protective significant factors.

Keywords : Diabetic retinopathy; risk factors; diabetes mellitus; epidemiology.

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