Introduction:

Anemia is a nutritional disorder that frequently affects children, adults, infants and especially pregnant women, it constitutes a health problem in Cuba and the world, it has been related to maternal and perinatal complications, which is why it is important determine the associated factors, for adequate treatment and prevention.

Objective:

To identify the predictive factors of anemia in pregnant women treated at the Ramón López Peña Polyclinic.

Methods:

An observational analytical study was carried out, of the case-control type, from pregnant women diagnosed with anemia in any trimester of pregnancy (cases), and another group that did not have this condition (controls). The Odd Ratio, the confidence interval, the Chi 2 test, and attributable risk in percentage exposed were determined. Data analysis was based on the construction of a multivariate model (multivariate logistic regression) to identify predictors of anemia.

Results:

There was a predominance of light anemia (52.9 %) in the third trimester of pregnancy (44.1 %). The eight predictors that were part of the model were: multiple pregnancy, multiparity, short birth interval, adolescence, hemorrhage in the 1st and 2nd half of pregnancy, low income, and low weight at pregnancy detection. The model presented very good discrimination, with an area under the curve of 0.826. The corresponding statistic for the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was 0.29.

Conclusions:

Age, low income, deficient weight at pregnancy detection and others related to pregnancy such as: multiple pregnancy, multiparity, short intervals between pregnancies and bleeding, were the predictive risk factors of gestational anemia in the Health Area.

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