Introduction:

lower respiratory infection is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the newborn.

Objective:

to identify the risk factors for lower respiratory infection associated with invasive and non-invasive artificial mechanical ventilation in newborns admitted to the NICU of the Neonatology service of the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes Teaching General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019.

Methods:

an analytical case-control study was conducted. The study groups consisted of 25 cases and 50 controls, respectively.

Results:

the variables gestational age before 37 weeks of gestation, low birth weight have twice or more risks of suffering a lower respiratory infection associated with mechanical ventilation significantly with a p<0.05; The stay longer than 3 days in ventilation showed significance with a p: 0.031; Among the diagnoses that led to mechanical ventilation was hyaline membrane disease with a p: 0.025.

Conclusions:

Gestational age less than 37 weeks, birth weight less than 2 500 grams, ventilatory time of more than 3 days and diagnosis of hyaline membrane disease were the significant variables.

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