Abstract

CHACON MEDINA, Nielcin et al. Effectiveness of antiemetic prophylaxis in the postoperative period of patients operated by minimally accessible surgery. Multimed [online]. 2023, vol.27  Epub May 16, 2023. ISSN 1028-4818.

Postoperative anaesthesia, nausea and vomiting have been linked practically since general anaesthesia was introduced into clinical surgical practice, and still today it continues to have an unacceptably high incidence. With the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of preanesthetic antiemetic medication with ondansetron compared to dexamethasone, in the prevention of the appearance of postoperative nausea and vomiting, a prospective, quasi-experimental study was carried out with a control group not equivalent in patients operated by minimally accessible surgery in the general provincial hospital "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" of Bayamo. between September 2017 to December 2020, randomly distributed into two groups of 78 patients each: group I treated with ondansetron, and group II treated with dexamethasone. The Xi-square test (X2) and the proportions differences test were used, with a value of p = 0.05; patients between 40 and 49 years of age, female, ASA II, with no history of nausea and vomiting; and with intermediate risk stratification of nausea and vomiting, were more frequent in the group administered dexamethasone. In group I, the largest number of patients had mild intensity and a small number of patients required antiemetic rescue with dimenhydrinate. In group II, the largest number of patients reported moderate intensity followed by strong intensity, requiring antiemetic rescue. It was concluded that ondansetron monotherapy is more effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting than dexamethasone administration.

Keywords : Nausea; Postoperative vomiting; General anesthesia; Prophylaxis; Ondansetron; Dexamethasone.

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