Introduction:

pneumonia is the main cause of pleural effusion (PE) in children. A high number of patients enter pediatric intensive care units with parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE), ending in pleural empyema.

Objective:

to identify the risk factors that independently influences the occurrence of community-acquired pneumonia, complicated by pleural empyema.

Methods:

an analytical observational study of cases and controls was carried out, 30 cases and 90 controls were selected. With a ratio of 1:3. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis was performed.

Results:

in the univariate analysis, age under 5 years and male sex showed no statistically significant influence, while the multivariate analysis showed that the most important independent factor was the previous use of antimicrobial (OR 6.329 adjusted CI 95% 2.764-8.678), followed by late diagnosis (adjusted OR 5.492 CI 95% 2.559-8.522) and the presence of comorbidity (adjusted OR 4.341 CI 95% 2.321−7.529) similarly.

Conclusions:

the highest risk factors that contributed to the risk of developing pneumonia complicated with pleural empyema were previous use of antimicrobials, late diagnosis of empyema, and the presence of comorbidity.

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