Introduction:

Oral diseases are among the five diseases demanding more care in health services worldwide.

Materials and methods:

A descriptive, analytic, observational research of cases and controls was carried out, with the objective of determining the association degree between dental caries and risk factors in the child population aged from 5 to 12 years from the Family Physician Consultation Nr. 3, belonging to the Teaching Polyclinic Belkis Sotomayor Alvarez, in the municipality Ciego de Avila, during the period from October 2021 to March 2022. The case group consisted of 62 children, the same as the control group. The independence technique based on the Chi-square distribution was used to determine the presence of statistical association between qualitative variables, and the Odd ratio was calculated for risk quantification.

Results:

The group from 5 to 8 years was the one with higher number of children with dental caries, for 59.7%. 62.9% only brushed their teeth with a frequency of two or less times a day. History of dental caries, gingival disease and sugary food ingestion were related to the appearance of dental caries.

Conclusions:

The cariogenic diet proved to be the risk factor with the higher score in the incidence of dental caries in the sample studied.

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