Abstract

BARCELO-LOPEZ, Mary Tania; GONZALEZ-DIAZ, Yudith  and  CAMBARA-GONZALEZ, David. Physicochemical properties of the oil extracted from the seeds of azadirachta indica A. Juss in Guantánamo. RTQ [online]. 2024, vol.44, n.1, pp. 63-74.  Epub Feb 31, 2024. ISSN 2224-6185.

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Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Neem) is a tree native to India that, due to its multiple properties, is currently widely distributed throughout the world, mainly in tropical and semi-arid areas, being able to withstand adverse conditions such as high temperatures and soils. arid, infertile, stony or acid. Insect repellents and insecticides, fungicides and fertilizers of extraordinary value for integrated or organic agriculture are made from this plant. The objective of this research is the determination of quality parameters of the physical-chemical variables of the oil from the seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem). The oil was extracted, by artisanal cold pressing, from the seeds of fruits collected from specimens cultivated in the San Antonio del Sur municipality of the Guantánamo province. The quality parameters were determined: density, acidity index, pH, refractive, iodine and saponification indices. The values of the oil quality parameters of the neem seeds were shown to be similar to the results of other researchers and to be within the ranges required by the Codex. Of all the parameters, the only one that is above the required values is the acidity index. The Neem oil from trees located in Guantánamo could be an alternative to replace imported vegetable oils for industrial use, although with previous refining processes

Keywords : Azadirachta indica A; Juss; neem; vegetable oil; cold pressed.

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