Introduction:

Dental surgeons are confronted every day with several cases that require accuracy in the initial diagnosis and attention to the treatment that will be proposed. One of these is amelogenesis imperfecta, a rare hereditary tooth alteration. The main features of amelogenesis imperfecta are hypomineralization or hypoplasia of the enamel matrix resulting in discoloration, sensitivity and fragility of this tissue. Of the existing clinical subtypes, the hypoplastic variant is the most prevalent.

Objective:

Report and correlate two cases of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta in members of the same family.

Case presentation:

The diagnosis was based on clinical and radiographic examination, as well as analysis of the correlation between the clinical findings obtained from each patient and other relatives. The treatment plan proposed was therefore multidisciplinary and appropriately consistent with the condition.

Conclusions:

It is important for dental surgeons to study and be aware of these rare changes to be able to establish an accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, clinical management should be broadened through individualized and/or family planning, paying attention not only to esthetic and functional aspects, but psychological and social as well.

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