Abstract

MORENO VAZQUEZ, Olimpo et al. Estudio de la eficacia del Surfacen en el distress respiratorio del recién nacido. Rev Cubana Pediatr [online]. 1999, vol.71, n.2, pp. 60-71. ISSN 1561-3119.

Surfacen, a natural porcine surfactant, was used in 1994 in 50 preterm neonates with clinical and radiologically diagnosed respiratory distress syndrome with an oxygenation deficiency due to an inspired fraction of oxygen (If02) of 0.8, a partial pressure of oxygen Pa02 of 2.1 kPa, and an index of a/A02 of 0.13. The surfactant was administered by the trachea at a dose of 100 mg of phospholipids. 13 patients received 2 doses and 1, 3. The average age of administration was 3.5 hours. It was always administered after the patient was stabilized. 10 minutes later, Pa02 increased from 9 to 20.6 kPa. Pa02/If0₂ rose to 29.8 kPa and the index a/A02 to 0.34. The chest X-ray showed an improvwement of 86.7 % 4 hours after the administration of Surfacen. At the 72 hours of life, If02 was 0.37 and the mean pressure of the airways was 10.3 with H20. The most significant complications were: permeable ductus arteriosus, 22; pneumonia and intraventricular hemorrhage degree III and IV, 10 each one: pneumothorax, 3; and bronchopulmonary displasia, 3. On comparing the complications with a historical control group of 49 patients who had not received surfactants, it was observed that in the case-base study there was a significant reduction of pneumothorax, pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage, and an increase of permeable ductus arteriosus. 17 patients died in the group treated with Surfacen.

Keywords : RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME [drug therapy]; PULMONARY SURFACTANTS [therapeutic use]; ANOXIA [etiology].

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