Introduction:

Urinary symptoms are the most frequent reason for pediatric consultation related to the urinary system during any time of the year and at any age. The arguments for the use or not of chemoprophylaxis to avoid recurrences are variable.

Objective:

Confirm the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis to prevent recurrences of urinary tract infections in children aged 1 to 24 months.

Methods:

A quasi-experiment consisting of 58 patients admitted to the Children's Hospital of Holguín who met the inclusion criteria was conducted. The study variables were: number of recurrences, time of onset during observation, presence of recurrence, chemoprophylaxis, type of chemoprophylaxis, age, sex, isolated microorganism, predisposing factor, risk classification. We worked with 95% of reliability which meant that p values below 0.05 were considered significant. Processing was performed in the SPSS version 22.0 program.

Results:

From the 58 patients studied, only 6.9% had recurrence; of those who did not receive chemoprophylaxis none had recurrence and of those who received chemoprophylactic treatment, 4 had recurrence; so, having received or not chemoprophylaxis did not influence the appearance of recurrence and less after 18 months of a first urinary infection.

Conclusions:

The presence of recurrences after 18 months of a first urinary tract infection in children under 2 years of age is not a frequent event and it seems that chemoprophylaxis is not effective.

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