Abstract

BLANCO VALDES, Yaisys  and  LEYVA GALAN, Ángel. DETERMINATION OF THE CRITICAL PERIOD OF COMPETITION WITH weeds cultivation of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). cultrop [online]. 2011, vol.32, n.2, pp. 143-153. ISSN 0258-5936.

The sustainable handling of weeds inside an economic cultivation of short cycle as the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L) in the tropic, it is extremely complex, for the high diversity and quantity of accompanying weeds, reasons for those which with the bloom of the chemical methods in the decade of the 70, the use of herbicides pre emergent was implemented almost universally; however, this method has caused the establishment of highly aggressive species, of difficult handling and that finely it is necessary to go to the conventional methods to be able to lower its populations. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated, the ecological damage that you/they cause the clean cultivations of weeds when being eliminated the refuge of insects, since I lower those conditions; it breaks the balance in the agroecosystem, what facilitates the reproduction of the insects tunes to the cultivation, becoming organisms plague. The determination of the critical period of competition between the weeds and the economic cultivation is the only efficient road to only establish methods of weeds handling during the time that the cultivation requires it and this way to facilitate the coexistence interespecífica economic weeds -crop. To achieve that objective, it was carried out an investigation during two campaigns where it was evaluated at random by means of a design of blocks, with treatments to the 8,16,24,32,40,48 and 54 days of the germination with and without weeds, and 2 witness, with and without handling during the whole cycle of the bean. The dominant weeds in the system, was Cyperus rotundus and Sorghum attributable halepense to the chemical methods of handling precedents. In accordance with the carried out statistical analyses the critical period of competition of the arvenses with the cultivation of the bean was in the period that lapses from 24 to 40 days after having germinated the cultivation, period during which the works of handling of the weeds cannot miss the cultivation, preferably in form mechanics, to guarantee high yields, and ecological balance in the productive system. Work before and after this period they only contribute to elevate the energy expenses and to unbalance the agroecosystem.

Keywords : weeds; critical period of competition and bean.

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