Abstract

TORO OPAZO, Carla et al. Correlation between ABO blood system and risk of acute myocardial infarction. Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter [online]. 2013, vol.29, n.2, pp.163-172. ISSN 0864-0289.

Background: among cardiovascular diseases (CVD) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is included, a disease that currently represents 30 % of total global deaths. The individual predisposition and the presence of traditional risk factors for CVD determine the occurrence of AMI, but there are individuals who suffer an AMI and without these factors. This could be explained by the presence of emerging risk factors, among which is the ABO system blood group. Aim: to assess the frequency of ABO blood group system in patients with AMI and to investigate the influence it could have on the risk of developing that condition. Methods: we selected 60 patients with a diagnosis of AMI and 60 with no history of AMI, to which were determined ABO group phenotype and genotype were determined. We used the Chi-square for association between ABO phenotype and the presence of AMI. The associated risk analysis was developed by calculating the odds ratio (OR) with a confidence interval of 95 %. Results: it was found that in individuals without AMI exists a frequency of 71.7 % of the phenotype «O» exists. In the category marked «No O» phenotypes including A, B and AB, an OR of 2.21 for MI (95% CI 1.04 to 4.72 p = 0.038) was obtained. In relation to genotype, individuals presenting with AMI heterozygous genotypes for allele OR have an OR of 3.17 (95% CI: 1.09 to 9.17 p = 0.034) compared to homozygous. It was established A group of low risk for MI associated with the phenotype-genotype homozygous O and a higher risk group consists of the phenotypes, genotypes A, B and AB was established.

Keywords : Acute myocardial Infarction; ABO blood system; risk factor; cardiovascular disease.