Abstract

URIBE YUNDA, Diego Fernando  and  CORTES MANCERA, Fabián M. DNA methylation and implications in carcinogenesis. Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd [online]. 2014, vol.33, n.1, pp. 81-93. ISSN 0864-0300.

Cancer has become one of the main public health problems worldwide, not only for its incidence, but also due to its high morbidity and mortality. Only in 2008, an estimated 12 million new cancer cases were diagnosed, with 7 million deaths and 25 million people living with the disease. On a cellular and molecular level, cancer is defined as an alteration in the mechanisms regulating cell division. Epigenetics is the study of inheritable changes affecting the gene expression pattern in these mechanisms, which are not a consequence of alterations in the nucleotide sequence of the gene (mutations) or its regulatory sequences (promoters). Among these changes, DNA methylation has been characterized most accurately. It has been associated with the silencing or overexpression of genes performing a key role in regulating the start and progress of cancer, such as the genes involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Understanding the steps involved in the start and establishment of gene expression alterations mediated by epigenetic phenomena, will make it possible to develop therapies aimed at key components of this process. The present study is an analysis of some epigenetic mechanisms, their effect on gene expression regulation, and their role in carcinogenesis.

Keywords : cancer; epigenetics; DNA methylation; Wnt/β-catenin.

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