Abstract

APONTE RAMIREZ, Liudmila; RAMIREZ ZAYAS, Roger; HERNANDEZ GONZALEZ, Silvia  and  SOMONTES ZAMORA, Dariel. The nonenzymatic glycosylation processes. AMC [online]. 2009, vol.13, n.6, pp. 0-0. ISSN 1025-0255.

A bibliographical revision with the objective to bring-up-to date the knowledge on the nonenzymatic glycosylation process was carried out. Its physiologic importance was shown, starting from the discovery that a part of the hemoglobin in blood of healthy individuals is glycosylated and the glycosylation level is bigger in diabetic patients. The collagen was the first protein where the existence of covalent intermolecular bonds was demonstrated produced by this mechanism in the molecular basis of the glomerulopathy and diabetic retinopathy. The decrease of the biological activity as consequence of glycosylation appears in a reduced number of patients, including several enzymatic systems where amino groups participated in the enzymatic catalysis. The receptors´activation for proteins union with products of advanced glycosylation stimulates the production in macrophages, endothelial and mesangial cells of growth factors and procoagulant mechanisms that favor the thrombus formation in the places of extracellular accumulation of these compounds, the occlusion of vessels, hypoxia and tissular necrosis. Reactions in which intervene free radicals, participate in the formation of the advanced glycosylation products causing its union in covalent and irreversible way to the proteins favoring atherosclerosis. In diabetes the glycosylated hemoglobin and the fructosemia are the most frequent laboratory determinations used in the metabolic control and its stability allow us to prevent the noxious effects of hyperglycemia.

Keywords : glycosylation; feeding behavior [physiology]; hyperglycemia [metabolism].

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