Abstract

OCHOA, Rolando Felipe; ACOSTA, Josué; FERRIOL, Xenia Rosa  and  GINEBRA, Mónica. Evaluación de anticuerpos contra enfermedades prevenibles por vacunas en el binomio madre-recién nacido en hospitales de Ciudad de La Habana . Vaccimonitor [online]. 2007, vol.16, n.2, pp.10-15. ISSN 1025-028X.

At birth, the immune system is still immature, that is why newborns are susceptible to infectious diseases. Nonetheless, newborns are partially protected by maternal antibodies. For that reason, transplacental transference of antibodies against some vaccine-preventable diseases. A prospective, randomized study was carried out in 96 mothers and their newborns. Serum samples were taken from the pregnant women before delivery in Havana City hospitals during 2004 and from the newborns in the delivery room. Immunoenzimatic assays were used for the quantitative determination of tetanus and diphtheria antitoxin, antibodies to meningococcus B outer membrane proteins (OMP), antibodies to meningococus C capsular polysaccharide (CSP), and antibodies to Vi polysaccharide of Salmonella Typhi. Suitable levels of tetanus antitoxin were found in mothers and newborns. The long-term protection levels (>1 IU/mL) were shown in 92.71% of newborns, and 88.54% of their mothers. Non-reliable levels of diphtheria antitoxin (<0.1 IU/mL) were found in 54.17% and 45.83% of mothers and newborns, respectively. Antibodies to OMP above 2 µg/mL were detected in 90.63% and 96.88% of mothers and newborns, and the 38.54% and 41.67% had proper antibodies against CSP. Seroprotection rates (>1 µg/mL) against Salmonella Typhi were 5.21% and 8.33%, respectively. Most of newborns showed higher antibody levels than that of their mothers, therefore the transplacental passage of antibodies is an efficient mechanism.

Keywords : Transplacental antibodies; vaccine; tetanus antitoxin; diphtheria antitoxin; meningococcus; Salmonella Typhi.

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