Abstract

LEYVA MONTERO, María de los Ángeles; RODRIGUEZ MOLDON, Yarimi; RODRIGUEZ DUQUE, Raisa  and  NINO ESCOFET, Silvio. Molecular mechanisms of insulin secretion. ccm [online]. 2020, vol.24, n.2, pp.764-780.  Epub June 01, 2020. ISSN 1560-4381.

Insulin is the main anabolic hormone; molecular mechanisms that regulate its synthesis and secretion were reviewed. The structural and functional features that allow the response of Langerhans islets β cells to glycemia changes, with the corresponding insulin secretion, were described. Secretagogues responsible for its secretion are mentioned and the sequence of glucose stimulated insulin secretion, which is the main one, is explained. Langerhans islets and β cells structural and functional features, that allow glycemia control, are described. The molecular mechanisms of the toxic effect on β cells, caused by prolonged hyperglycemia, are explained. Hypoglycemia triggered by some drugs and alcohol is explained.

Keywords : insulin secretion; beta cell physiology; insulin resistance.

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