Abstract

ELIOT FUENTES, Blanca Emilia et al. Risk factors and behavior of retinopathy of prematurity. Rev Ciencias Médicas [online]. 2013, vol.17, n.3, pp.123-133. ISSN 1561-3194.

Introduction: retinopathy of prematurity constitutes an important cause of morbidity worldwide, leading to blindness if it is not diagnosed and treated appropriately. Objective: to assess the behavior of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm newborn infants at "Abel Santamaria Cuadrado" University Hospital in Neonatology Service, Pinar del Rio province, from January 2007 to December 2011. Method: an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study that included 402 patients younger than 35 weeks of pregnancy and/or under 1700 grams, or those over this gestational age and weight, but presenting risks factors to develop the disease. Gestational age, weight at birth, degree of retinopathy and associated risk factors were the variables used. The collection of data were taken from the individual clinical history, and processed by means of Microstad and Epi-info. Results: the frequency of retinopathy was 7.5%, degree I prevailed in zones 1,2 or 3, and was present in 6.7% and 6.8% of the patients who were born with less than 34 weeks and 7.8% with less than 1700 grams; 100% of the cases underwent supplementary oxygenation, 505 presented respiratory distress and 23.3% suffered from sepsis. Conclusions: the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity diminished in Pinar del Rio province, degree I was the most frequent, those who were born with less than 34 weeks and 1700 grams were the most affected, the associated risk factors were: oxygen treatment, respiratory distress and neonatal sepsis.

Keywords : Retinopathy of prematurity; Neonatology; Risk factors.

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