Abstract

SOTO PAEZ, Nuvia; SARMIENTO PORTAL, Yanet; CRESPO CAMPOS, Angelicia  and  SUAREZ GARCIA, Nuvia. Morbidity and mortality in neonates under mechanical ventilation. Rev Ciencias Médicas [online]. 2013, vol.17, n.6, pp.96-109. ISSN 1561-3194.

Introduction: advances in ventilation forms have permitted an important decrease in mortality rate, not in morbidity, since the latter largely depends on lung development of the neonate. An observational, descriptive, longitudinal, ambispective study was carried out in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Objective: to determine morbidity and mortality rates in ventilated neonates at the Neonatology service in the period 2011-12. The target group consisted of 10,583 neonates born in the set period, and the sample consisted of 172 neonates who needed mechanical ventilation. Material and method: research into medical records. The variants of ventilation causes, related complications, death cause and survival were identified. The percentage, the mean as measure of central tendency and standard deviation (SD) were applied. Results: neonates with weight of 2,500-3,999 g, male sex (53%), gestational age of 27-31 weeks for neonates under 2,500g and 37-41 weeks for those under 2,500g, cesarean deliveries (56.9) and normal Apgar scores. The most frequent diseases as ventilation causes were perinatal asphyxia, the hyaline membrane disease (HMD), constituting the main associated complications the airway blockade, adquired bronchopneumonia, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, being the main death causes the newborn sepsis, congenital cardiopathologies and intraventricular bleedings. Conclusions: The survival of ventilated newborns is high, with a predomination of male newborns, good birth weight, and born by cesarean section. The causes for ventilation were related to perinatal asphyxia, airway blockade and bronchopneumonia. The most frequent complications were bronchopneumonia, pulmonary dysplasia and airway blockade, which proves the professionalism in providing comprehensive care to mechanically ventilated newborns.

Keywords : Artificial respiration; Newborn infant; Low birth weight infant.

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