Background:

Causality studies must provide accurate results, which depends on their adequacy, therefore the need of knowing the methods that ensure the validity of these investigations.

Objective:

To systematize the current methods for the study of causality in Medicine that includes the design, the requirements that ensure its validity and the methods for complying with these requirements.

Development:

It was carried out a bibliographic review in biomedical databases and selected the most current, comprehensive, scientific literature, with this, a critical synthesis was organized, with the experience of the authors. Techniques for the detection and treatment of confusion and interaction were presented, also to ensure comparability between groups. Among the techniques, Mendelian randomization, susceptibility score, G-methods, marginal and nested structural models, fuzzy logic and implicative statistical analysis stand out.

Conclusions:

Despite the progress in statistical methods, the researcher is responsible for guaranteeing residual non-confusion and distinguishing between statistically significant and clinically acceptable.

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