Abstract

PEREZ DE VILLA AMIL ALVAREZ, Arturo; PRIETO CLAVERO, Eilyn  and  HERNANDEZ PLACIA, Rosa. Severe Preeclampsia: Characteristics and Consequences. Rev. Finlay [online]. 2015, vol.5, n.2, pp. 118-129. ISSN 2221-2434.

Background: preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective: to identify maternal and therapeutic factors as well as damage associated with severe preeclampsia in pregnant women. Method: a case series study was conducted in 69 patients diagnosed with severe preeclampsia treated at the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima University General Hospital from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2013. They were divided into two groups according to presence of severe preeclampsia with and without aggravating factors. The variables analyzed were related to maternal characteristics, characteristics of medical care and fetal and neonatal characteristics. A questionnaire based on the data obtained from medical records was applied in line with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision. Comparisons between groups were performed using a chi-square statistic, considering a P<0.05 statically significant. Results: frequency of severe preeclampsia was 0.8 per 100 deliveries. The highest frequency occurred in the age range of 31-35 years. Eclampsia was observed in 0.91 per 1000 deliveries. Maternal damage amounted to 30.4%. Magnesium sulfate prophylaxis was used in 89% of cases. Eclampsia frequency when not used was 50%, while it was only 6.4% when this therapy was applied. Caesarean section was performed in 85.5% of patients. Neonatal damage was 52.3%. The late fetal death rate was 4.6 per 100 live births. Among the intergroup differences, significant dissimilarities were observed in neonatal damage. Conclusion: high association of intrauterine growth restriction with induced prematurity is evident as well as the high rate of first-time Caesarean sections and significant maternal, fetal and neonatal damage. The use of magnesium sulfate shows good results in the prophylaxis of eclampsia.

Keywords : pre-eclampsia; anticonvulsants; magnesium sulfate.

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