ARTICULO DE REVISION

Influenza. Vacunas clásicas y novedosas a las puertas de otra pandemia.

 

Influenza. Classic and novel vaccines on the verge of another pandemic.

 

Raiza Martínez, Nevis Amín, Alicia Aguilar, Frank Camacho, Ela María Pérez

Instituto Finlay. Centro de Investigación-Producción de Vacunas. Ave.27 No. 19805. La Lisa. A.P. 16017, C.P. 11600.
Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. E-mail: [e-mail]

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RESUMEN

Los virus de la influenza A, además del hombre, infectan otros mamíferos y una gran variedad de especies de aves. Desde 1997 se sabe que cepas aviares son capaces de infectar al hombre provocando una enfermedad generalmente leve. El brote actual de gripe aviar H5N1 en humanos ha puesto en alerta a la comunidad científica internacional, no solo por su elevada mortalidad sino por su potencialidad en la generación de una nueva pandemia. Las autoridades sanitarias han puesto en marcha un amplio programa para la preparación ante esta contingencia, que abarca diferentes campos, desde el diagnóstico y la detección precoz de los brotes tanto en animales como en humanos, la caracterización sistemática de las cepas circulantes, el sacrificio de aves infectadas, la producción masiva de antivirales y por supuesto el desarrollo y producción a gran escala de vacunas eficaces. En este último tema se trabaja intensamente tanto en el mejoramiento de las vacunas ya existentes como en la búsqueda de alternativas basadas en tecnologías de nueva generación.

Palabras claves: Influenza, vacunas

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ABSTRACT

Influenza A viruses infect humans and other mammalian and bird species. Since 1997, it has been known that some avian strains were able to infect humans, generally causing a mild disease.The present H5N1 avian influenza outbreak has led to a heightened level of awareness of the scientific and public health officials, not only because of its high mortality, but also because of its potential to trigger a new pandemic. In response to this emerging threat, the international sanitary authorities are developing a wide preparation program, which involving different measures such as the accurate diagnosis of animal and human outbreaks; systematic characterization of circulating strains; elimination of infected birds; mass production of antiviral drugs,and research,development and large scale production of efficacious vaccines. In the last aspect, great effort is being carried out for the improvement of classic vaccines and in the search for alternatives based on new technologies.

Keywords: Influenza, vaccines

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